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Karl Ullmann
Carl Christian Ullmann (March 3, 1796 in Epfenbach, Electoral Palatinate – January 12, 1865) was a German Calvinist theologian from the Electoral Palatinate.
==Biography==
He studied at Heidelberg and Tübingen, and in 1820 delivered exegetical and historical lectures at Heidelberg. He received a professorship at Heidelberg from 1821 to 1829.〔Robert Chambers , Book of Days〕 In 1829 he went to Halle upon Saale as professor to teach church history, dogmatics and symbolics, but in 1836 he returned to a chair at Heidelberg, where he taught until 1856. Between 1853 and 1861 he officiated as prelate, i.e. spiritual leader, of the United Evangelical Protestant State Church of Baden ((ドイツ語:Vereinigte Evangelisch-protestantische Landeskirche Badens)).
A lifelong exponent of the "meditation school" of theology (''Vermittelungs-Theologie''), in 1828, with the help of Friedrich Wilhelm Carl Umbreit (1795–1860), he founded and edited the ''Theologische Studien'' and ''Kritiken'' in its interests. When Julius Wegscheider and Wilhelm Gesenius were denounced by Hengstenberg as rationalists, he pleaded for freedom in theological teaching (cf. his ''Theol. Bedenken'', 1830). On the other hand, he vigorously attacked David Strauss. His ''Historisch oder mythisch? Beiträge zur Beantwortung der gegenwärtigen Lebensfrage der Theologie'' (1838; 2nd ed., 1866) was a reply to Strauss's ''Life of Jesus'', and his criticism resulted in Strauss making numerous concessions in later works.
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